As an example, consider a person riding a bicycle, with the person acting like the engine. If that person tries to ride that bike up a steep hill in a gear that’s made for low rpm, he or she will struggle as
they attempt to maintain their balance and achieve an rpm which will permit them to climb the hill. However, if they shift the bike’s gears into a speed that will create a higher rpm, the rider could have
a much easier time of it. A constant force could be applied with smooth rotation being supplied. The same logic applies for industrial applications that want lower speeds while keeping necessary
torque.
• Inertia complementing. Today’s servo motors are generating more torque in accordance with frame size. That’s due to dense copper windings, light-weight materials, and high-energy magnets.
This creates greater inertial mismatches between servo motors and the loads they are trying to move. Using a gearhead to raised match the inertia of the electric motor to the inertia of the load allows for using a smaller motor and results in a far more responsive system that is easier to tune. Again, this is accomplished through the gearhead’s ratio, where in fact the reflected inertia of the strain to the engine is decreased by 1/ratio2.
Recall that inertia is the measure of an object’s resistance to change in its movement and its own function of the object’s mass and shape. The higher an object’s inertia, the more torque is required to accelerate or decelerate the object. This implies that when the load inertia is much bigger than the motor inertia, sometimes it can cause excessive overshoot or increase settling times. Both circumstances can decrease production collection throughput.
On the other hand, when the engine inertia is bigger than the strain inertia, the electric motor will require more power than 
is otherwise necessary for the particular application. This raises costs since it requires spending more for a electric motor that’s larger than necessary, and since the increased power intake requires higher working costs. The solution is to use a gearhead to complement the inertia of the electric motor to the inertia of the strain.
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